The French are big on licences, and pay a lot more per annum than we do. The money then goes to local associations. There are a few departments where no licence is necessary, mainly in the North. However most of France requires a licence. The exception tend to be the plein d'eau - small lakes on the edge of villages and towns. You can normally fish these without a licence. Check first.
If you fish a river you need a licence.
The local tourist office normally holds details of where you can fish, normally with a useful map.
I always get a "Carte de Vacances" which is a 16 day licence available from June to October (check dates).
Where you can get them from is always an exciting challenge? The larger towns have tackle shops - the one in Cahors is on an alley off the old market square! Otherwise start at the Post Office and work your way around. In Entraygues( on the Lot) it's the shop that sells ladies dress making materials, hats, a bit of fishing tackle!!
Ironmongers and seed merchants are always worth a try.
I have never been asked for a licence or ticket ever in France (mind you the last time I was asked for my licence in the UK was when I was 15 - reverse numbers for current age!)
I have no problem paying the money - the quality of the rivers and lakes is superb.
You can fish anywhere you can access the river. There are separate rules for premier and deuxime categorie rivers and YOU MUST CHECK LOCAL CONDITIONS FOR NIGHT FISHING.
Hope this is of some little use.
Posh