pop-ups are a quandry I think.. I think it depends on the loose feed youre offering aswell. For example: If youre fishing just the pop-up, and firing free offerings of bottom bait boilies around it, then it might work. However, if feeding particals, the carp will tend to stick very tight to the bottom, hoovering up the hemp or pellets put down, so a pop-up even if its only popped up an inch, could be an inch too high, when the carps gob is tight on the deck.
Interesting point Gaffer about when fishing out of range of marker float. Not that I ever fish out that far, but its a good point indeed.
Tom, pop-ups work by being bouyant (spelling?).. you attach them to the hair like a normal boilie, but then attach a small weight, such as putty or split shot in the simplest of cases, about an inch down the hooklength from the hook. You can vary the distance between hook and weight, depending on how far up in the water you want the boilie popped up. Then being bouyant, the boilie will affectively float in the water.
Hope this helps, although its a very basic description of how it works.