I
Ian Cloke
Guest
CLIMATE change is affecting the growth of fish, with those living in warmer, shallow waters growing faster and species in cooling deep ocean waters growing slower, according to an Australian study.
The research, by Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) found fish were growing faster in waters above a depth of 250 metres (825ft) and had slower growth rates below 1,000 metres (3,300ft).
"These observations suggest that global climate change has enhanced some elements of productivity of shallow-water stocks, but at the same time reduced the productivity and possibly the resilience of deep-water stocks," said the CSIRO's Ron Thresher.
"Growth rates in the deep-water fish are slowing because water temperatures down there have been falling, apparently for the last several hundred years," oceanographer Thresher said yesterday. "Fish growth rates are closely tied with water temperatures, so warming surface waters mean the shallow-water fish are growing more quickly, while the deep water fish are growing more slowly than they were a century ago."
Populations of large marine species are subject to two major stress factors, commercial fishing and climate change, and the heavy exploitation increases the sensitivity of species to environmental effects, he added.
Thresher's team studied 555 fish specimens, such as banded morwong, redfish, jackass morwong and orange roughy, from waters around Maria Island off the east coast of Australia's island state of Tasmania. The fish were aged two to 128 years and had been born between 1861 and 1993.
Changes in sea temperature were obtained from a 60-year-long record at Maria Island and by using 400-year-old deep-ocean corals to measure temperature at depth.
The study found sea temperatures off east Tasmania had risen nearly 2C, while a southerly shift in South Pacific winds had strengthened the warm, southerly flowing East Australian Current, which runs down Australia's east coast.
To gauge the growth rates of fish, the scientists studied the earbones of eight fish species which show similar characteristics to the growth rings used to determine the age of a tree.
"Average juvenile growth rates have changed significantly during the last 50 to 100 years for six of the eight species examined," said the study, published by the US National Academy of Sciences.
Growth rates of juvenile morwong, a coastal species which enjoys warmer waters, were 28.5 per cent faster in the 1990s than in the mid-1950s, the CSIRO study found.
By comparison, juvenile oreos, a species found at depths of around 1,000 metres, were growing 27.9 per cent slower than in the 1860s.
The study found that the growth rates of deep-water species began decreasing before the onset of commercial fishing.
"With increasing global warming, temperatures at intermediate depths are likely to rise near-globally.
"This could mean that over the course of time, the decrease in growth rates for the deep-water species could slow or even be reversed," Thresher explained.
The research, by Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) found fish were growing faster in waters above a depth of 250 metres (825ft) and had slower growth rates below 1,000 metres (3,300ft).
"These observations suggest that global climate change has enhanced some elements of productivity of shallow-water stocks, but at the same time reduced the productivity and possibly the resilience of deep-water stocks," said the CSIRO's Ron Thresher.
"Growth rates in the deep-water fish are slowing because water temperatures down there have been falling, apparently for the last several hundred years," oceanographer Thresher said yesterday. "Fish growth rates are closely tied with water temperatures, so warming surface waters mean the shallow-water fish are growing more quickly, while the deep water fish are growing more slowly than they were a century ago."
Populations of large marine species are subject to two major stress factors, commercial fishing and climate change, and the heavy exploitation increases the sensitivity of species to environmental effects, he added.
Thresher's team studied 555 fish specimens, such as banded morwong, redfish, jackass morwong and orange roughy, from waters around Maria Island off the east coast of Australia's island state of Tasmania. The fish were aged two to 128 years and had been born between 1861 and 1993.
Changes in sea temperature were obtained from a 60-year-long record at Maria Island and by using 400-year-old deep-ocean corals to measure temperature at depth.
The study found sea temperatures off east Tasmania had risen nearly 2C, while a southerly shift in South Pacific winds had strengthened the warm, southerly flowing East Australian Current, which runs down Australia's east coast.
To gauge the growth rates of fish, the scientists studied the earbones of eight fish species which show similar characteristics to the growth rings used to determine the age of a tree.
"Average juvenile growth rates have changed significantly during the last 50 to 100 years for six of the eight species examined," said the study, published by the US National Academy of Sciences.
Growth rates of juvenile morwong, a coastal species which enjoys warmer waters, were 28.5 per cent faster in the 1990s than in the mid-1950s, the CSIRO study found.
By comparison, juvenile oreos, a species found at depths of around 1,000 metres, were growing 27.9 per cent slower than in the 1860s.
The study found that the growth rates of deep-water species began decreasing before the onset of commercial fishing.
"With increasing global warming, temperatures at intermediate depths are likely to rise near-globally.
"This could mean that over the course of time, the decrease in growth rates for the deep-water species could slow or even be reversed," Thresher explained.